CVE-2025-59419

{
  "id": "CVE-2025-59419",
  "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]",
  "published": "2025-10-15T16:15:35.290",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T16:10:00.260",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\\r) and Line Feed (\\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Netty es un framework de aplicación de red asíncrono y basado en eventos. En versiones anteriores a 4.1.128.Final y 4.2.7.Final, el códec SMTP en Netty contiene una vulnerabilidad de inyección de comandos SMTP debido a una validación de entrada insuficiente para los caracteres de Retorno de Carro (\\r) y Salto de Línea (\\n) en los parámetros proporcionados por el usuario. La vulnerabilidad existe en io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, donde los parámetros se concatenan directamente en la cadena de comandos SMTP sin sanitización. Cuando métodos como SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) son llamados con una cadena maliciosa que contiene secuencias CRLF, los atacantes pueden inyectar comandos SMTP arbitrarios. Debido a que los comandos inyectados se envían desde la dirección IP confiable del servidor, los correos electrónicos resultantes probablemente pasarán las comprobaciones de autenticación SPF y DKIM, haciéndolos parecer legítimos. Esto permite a atacantes remotos que pueden controlar los parámetros de comandos SMTP (como los destinatarios de correo electrónico) falsificar correos electrónicos arbitrarios desde el servidor confiable, potencialmente suplantando a ejecutivos y falsificando comunicaciones corporativas de alto riesgo. Este problema ha sido parcheado en las versiones 4.1.129.Final y 4.2.8.Final. No existen soluciones alternativas conocidas."
    }
  ],
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "netty",
          "product": "netty",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "< 4.2.7.Final",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": ">= 4.2.0.Alpha1, < 4.1.128.Final",
              "status": "affected"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "source": "[email protected]",
        "type": "Secondary",
        "cvssData": {
          "version": "4.0",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED"
        }
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "timestamp": "2025-10-15T17:21:01.815752Z",
          "id": "CVE-2025-59419",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "type": "Secondary",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-93"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/1782e8c2060a244c4d4e6f9d9112d5517ca05120",
      "source": "[email protected]"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86",
      "source": "[email protected]"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.depthfirst.com/post/our-ai-agent-found-a-netty-zero-day-that-bypasses-email-authentication-the-story-of-cve-2025-59419",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ]
}