CVE-2026-40342

{
  "id": "CVE-2026-40342",
  "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]",
  "published": "2026-04-17T20:16:35.930",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-26T22:10:00.163",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Firebird es un sistema de gestión de base de datos relacional de código abierto. En versiones anteriores a 5.0.4, 4.0.7 y 3.0.14, el cargador de plugin de motor externo concatena un nombre de motor proporcionado por el usuario en una ruta del sistema de archivos sin filtrar separadores de ruta o componentes .. Un usuario autenticado con privilegios CREATE FUNCTION puede usar un nombre de ENGINE manipulado para cargar una biblioteca compartida arbitraria desde cualquier lugar del sistema de archivos a través de salto de ruta. El código de inicialización de la biblioteca se ejecuta inmediatamente durante la carga, antes de que Firebird valide el módulo, logrando la ejecución de código como la cuenta del sistema operativo del servidor. Este problema ha sido solucionado en las versiones 5.0.4, 4.0.7 y 3.0.14."
    }
  ],
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "FirebirdSQL",
          "product": "firebird",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "< 3.0.14",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": ">= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": ">= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4",
              "status": "affected"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "source": "[email protected]",
        "type": "Secondary",
        "cvssData": {
          "version": "3.1",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "baseScore": 9.9,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.1,
        "impactScore": 6.0
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "timestamp": "2026-04-22T03:55:33.795186Z",
          "id": "CVE-2026-40342",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "type": "Secondary",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-22"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-73"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-94"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-427"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "operator": "OR",
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "vulnerable": true,
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "versionEndExcluding": "3.0.14",
              "matchCriteriaId": "53D811A2-F880-46E9-9F7F-1CE3AC487F67"
            },
            {
              "vulnerable": true,
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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              "matchCriteriaId": "938978A3-90BE-4223-BDFC-5310A7C78D9B"
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  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14",
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7",
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4",
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257",
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    }
  ]
}