CVE-2026-72742

Full vulnerability record from the local CVENow database.

Description

DSPy 3.3.0b1 contains a file exfiltration vulnerability in the Image and Audio output field adapters that allows attackers with influence over language model outputs to read arbitrary local files by injecting a filesystem path into the url field of a parsed Image or Audio typed output. The JSONAdapter and ChatAdapter parse untrusted language model completions through parse_value into TypeAdapter validation, which triggers encode_image or encode_audio to read and base64-encode any local file path via the os.path.isfile branch in image.py and audio.py, subsequently embedding the file contents into outgoing prompt messages sent to the attacker-controlled model endpoint.

Severity

CRITICAL

CVSS score

9.2 (v4.0)

Vulnerability status

Awaiting Analysis

Source identifier

[email protected]

Published

2026-08-11 19:18:49.130000

Last modified

2026-10-24 15:10:00.190000

View original CVE JSON

{
  "id": "CVE-2026-72742",
  "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]",
  "published": "2026-08-11T19:18:49.130",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-24T15:10:00.190",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "DSPy 3.3.0b1 contains a file exfiltration vulnerability in the Image and Audio output field adapters that allows attackers with influence over language model outputs to read arbitrary local files by injecting a filesystem path into the url field of a parsed Image or Audio typed output. The JSONAdapter and ChatAdapter parse untrusted language model completions through parse_value into TypeAdapter validation, which triggers encode_image or encode_audio to read and base64-encode any local file path via the os.path.isfile branch in image.py and audio.py, subsequently embedding the file contents into outgoing prompt messages sent to the attacker-controlled model endpoint."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "DSPy 3.3.0b1 contiene una vulnerabilidad de exfiltración de archivos en los adaptadores de campo de salida de Imagen y Audio que permite a los atacantes con influencia sobre las salidas del modelo de lenguaje leer archivos locales arbitrarios inyectando una ruta del sistema de archivos en el campo url de una salida tipada de Imagen o Audio analizada. El JSONAdapter y el ChatAdapter analizan las finalizaciones no confiables del modelo de lenguaje a través de parse_value en la validación de TypeAdapter, lo que activa encode_image o encode_audio para leer y codificar en base64 cualquier ruta de archivo local a través de la rama os.path.isfile en image.py y audio.py, incrustando posteriormente el contenido del archivo en los mensajes de prompt salientes enviados al endpoint del modelo controlado por el atacante."
    }
  ],
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "Stanford NLP",
          "product": "DSPy",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "0",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "3.3.0b1",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "status": "affected"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "source": "[email protected]",
        "type": "Secondary",
        "cvssData": {
          "version": "4.0",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "baseScore": 9.2,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "source": "[email protected]",
        "type": "Secondary",
        "cvssData": {
          "version": "3.1",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "baseScore": 8.6,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 4.0
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "timestamp": "2026-08-12T16:05:20.594545Z",
          "id": "CVE-2026-72742",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "source": "[email protected]",
      "type": "Secondary",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-73"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy",
      "source": "[email protected]"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy/commit/c69136b29aca4c00ca6da7667f7b80783188980e",
      "source": "[email protected]"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy/issues/10067",
      "source": "[email protected]"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dspy-0b1-local-file-read-via-image-audio-output-field-parsing",
      "source": "[email protected]"
    }
  ]
}